One of the most important concepts that must be kept
clearly in mind for a person that invests or lives in Italy is the concept
of fiscal residency. This concept is different
from the concept of administrative residency: in fact a foreign citizen can be
"resident" in his own country and in Italy as well at the same
time: in this case the word "resident" refers to the
concept of administrative
residency that means,
in most case, to be enlisted in the lists held by the municipality of the
town where the person lives. And this is something that can happen in more than
one country at the same time, especially for people that own houses in
different countries and travel a lot.
The concept that we want to introduce here is the
concept of fiscal residency that differs from the concept of administrative
residency: if a
person is to be considered a fiscal resident in one country,
she cannot be considered fiscal resident in any other country: the concept
is exclusive.
One can argue that American Citizens living in Italy are an exception to this rule, but this is not precisely correct: the American Citizens living in Italy (like in any other Country) have fiscal residency in Italy and thus they must comply with all tax obligations in Italy; they have to be compliant also with American tax obligations, not because of their fiscal residency in America, but because of their American Citizenship. So, also in this case, there's only one fiscal residency.
One can argue that American Citizens living in Italy are an exception to this rule, but this is not precisely correct: the American Citizens living in Italy (like in any other Country) have fiscal residency in Italy and thus they must comply with all tax obligations in Italy; they have to be compliant also with American tax obligations, not because of their fiscal residency in America, but because of their American Citizenship. So, also in this case, there's only one fiscal residency.
This is
a pretty important rule, as being fiscal resident in one
country, say Italy for example (but this is a worldwide rule that is
valid for every country) has the relevant consequence that in
Italy you will pay taxes for all of your incomes, produced in Italy
or elsewhere.
This is the principle of Worldwide Taxation.
Let's make a practical example to better
understand:
Mr. Jones is an English citizen that
owns a house in London. Some years ago he also bought an
house in Venice where he met Mrs. Bianchi that is now his wife; they have
a child and live toghether in Venice where Mr. Jones started a new
business. In England Mr. Jones also has some investments in stocks.
The questions are:
1 - Where is Mr. Smith administrative resident?
2 - Where is he fiscal resident?
3 - Where does he have to pay taxes? Italy or England?
Let's answer these questions.
1 - He could be administrative resident of both
country.
2 - He is for sure fiscal resident only in Italy.
We will explain in another post the elements that have to be considered to
decide where the person is fiscal resident.
3 - This is the complicated part: Let's
say that he has paid 20 in English taxes over the income of 100 from
his English stocks and that he has paid 180 in Italian taxes over the
income of 1.000 from his Italian new business.
But, for the principle of the Worldwide Taxation, and
being fiscal resident in Italy, he will
have to declare and pay taxes in Italy for all his worldwide incomes:
not only the Italian income but also the English income. So he will have to
declare in Italy the following incomes:
1.000 (income produced in Italy) + 100 (income
produced in England) = 1.100
We will have to calculate taxes over the income of
1.100 and let's say they are 195.
From the sum of 195 that Mr. Jones owes to the
Italian fiscal authorithy (Agenzia delle Entrate) he can deduct the
amount of 20 of taxes already paid in England.
195 - 20 = 175
He owes to the Italian fiscal Authorithies 175.
In the hypotesis in which Mr. Jones's
family moved to London, they would be fiscal residents in England and they
would have to do the opposite: declare in the English tax return also the
Italian income and deduct from those taxes tha taxes already paid in Italy.
What is very important to remember is the following:
- If you move to a new country (any
country) or invest or live there, but at the same time you still have
properties or incomes in your own country, be very aware of the country
where you are considered fiscal resident.
- The concept of fiscal residency is unknown to most
people, but can have big consequences as many countries have become aware of
this phenomenon and they exchange and cross information very quickly.
CONTACT US FOR MORE INFORMATION
If you need more information you can send an email to:
enrico.povolo@dottcomm.net
or make a phone call to the following number:
+39 0444 322987
Enrico Povolo